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Subsidiarity in EU law
Krátký, Jiří ; Tichý, Luboš (advisor) ; Pítrová, Lenka (referee)
Subsidiarity in EU law English Summary / Abstract The upcoming 30th anniversary of the Maastricht treaty is an opportunity to celebrate but also to critically evaluate the overall success of this significant political step towards deeper European integration. The Maastricht treaty incorporated the Principle of Subsidiarity as a general principle of law into the EU legal system. The Principle of Subsidiarity was intended as a safeguard against a creeping centralization and federalization of the alliance and a means of regulating the exercise of the Union's non-exclusive powers. Thirty years of experience is a good time to evaluate the success and fulfillment of that mission. This is all the more pertinent in 2021 as the EU finds itself on the threshold of a new public debate about the future of Europe. The Principle of Subsidiarity underwent several textual changes on the way to being anchored in the Treaties. Despite these changes the case law of the ECJ has remained for unclear reasons underdeveloped in comparison with other issues and areas of judicial review. The original emphasis placed on a judicial review of the fulfillment of substantial conditions and ex-post control of the principle has lately shifted to the ex-ante procedural one. Unfortunately, even this change did not bring the expected results....
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European Competition Law in the Area of Information and Communication Technologies
Blumental, Eva ; Šmejkal, Václav (advisor) ; Kunertová, Tereza (referee)
Title: European Competition Law in the Area of Information and Communication Technologies Abstract The world of information and communication technologies developes with a tremendous speed. This pace is something that we need to adjust to, and the EU competition law represents no exception. This thesis concerns development of european competition law in the area of information technologies enabling communication between users. The scope of these technologies is narrowed to telecommunications and so called OTT applications, as both demostrate best the differences caused by dynamic development. In the area of telecommunications the analysis starts with a brief introduction of historical development triggered by process of liberalisation, and continues with the analysis of the decision making of both the Commission and the CJEU. All the areas of competition law are included - articles 101 and 102 of the TFEU, control of concentrations and to certain extent also state aid. Attention is dedicated also to consequences of roaming and of its cancellation, which is about to happen in the upcoming years. A lot of focus is aimed on the Commission's decisionmaking in merger control, where we can assume a development of a certain blueprint. In the area of the OTT applications, we introduce their concept, and a lion...
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Taxation of wine from the viewpoint of legal regulations of the European Union
Nekovářová, Tereza ; Karfíková, Marie (advisor) ; Marková, Hana (referee) ; Švarc, Zbyněk (referee)
The issues of assurance of sources for national budgets are eternal topics which are apparently current in any phase of the economic cycle, and it holds still more for the period of recession. In response to the outbreak of a financial crisis it is always possible to see the needs of finding new sources of financing of government expenses. Even though taxation of wine is rather a marginal topic in this regard, it is necessary to ask why this is so and whether it is not just this area that hides a large potential. Taxation of wine, however, plays an important role not only as a source of incomes for the state budget, but also as a tool of regulation of consumption of this commodity, which is negatively perceived from the viewpoint of human health. The imposition of taxation of wine does not influence consumers' behaviour only, but it has also impacts on plant production in this sector. At the same time, the entire issue acquires an absolutely different dimension through the fact that the area of taxation of wine belongs among the fields which are subject to harmonisation on the part of the European Union. At the time of globalisation and continually intensifying European integration it is important to be able to gain maximum yields from these aspects of the economy. In connection with harmonisation...
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Zhodnocení prvního roku fungování Evropské komise
Nováková, Tereza
Text juniorní analytičky Terezy Novákové Komisi chválí za pokrok v souvislosti s vytvořením energetické unie a unie kapitálových trhů, pozitivně je hodnocena také reforma struktury Komise a portfolií. Naopak nejhůře hodnotí pokrok v dosažení dohody TTIP a v sociální oblasti a zdraví a nedostatek pokroku v oblasti ochrany životního prostředí a klimatu.
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The Lisbon Treaty and national parliaments: Study 1.204
Čakrt, František
Role vnitrostátních parlamentů na unijní úrovni je v posledních letech stále posilována. Již před přijetím Lisabonské smlouvy vnitrostátní parlamenty aktivně monitorovaly a připomínkovaly návrhy unijní legislativy a s přijetím Lisabonské smlouvy se tato úloha ještě posiluje. Práce přináší přehled aktuálních změn, které vnitrostátním parlamentům Lisabonská smlouva přináší, a věnuje se také meziparlamentní spolupráci, která je základním předpokladem realizace některých nově zavedených kontrolních mechanismů.
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Common foreign and security policy of the EU after the Lisbon treaty: Study 3.082
Pecháček, Štěpán
Studie popisuje institucionální a rozhodovací rámec společné zahraniční a bezpečnostní politiky v kontextu změn, které v této oblasti přinesla Lisabonská smlouva. Společná zahraniční a bezpečnostní politika je Lisabonskou smlouvou prostřednictvím společných cílů propojena s dalšími činnostmi Unie, které mají dopad na unijní vnější vztahy, jako je např. společná obchodní politika nebo rozvojová politika. S tím souvisí vytvoření nové funkce Vysokého představitele Unie pro zahraniční vztahy bezpečnostní politiku, který personálně propojuje činnost Rady a Komise v oblasti vnějších vztahů. V oblasti rozhodovacích procesů k žádné podstatné změně nedošlo, nadále je smluvně chráněn státní zájem, který umožňuje členskému státu vetovat rozhodnutí. Autor konstatuje, že i přes výrazné změny, které Lisabonská smlouva přináší, především pokud jde o institucionální strukturu společné zahraniční a bezpečnostní politiky a její propojení s vnějšími vztahy Unie prostřednictvím společných cílů, společná zahraniční a bezpečnostní politika je i nadále vytvořena jako svébytný pilíř evropské integrace.
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Infringement risks concering taxation in the Czech republic
Pech, Jan ; Vančurová, Alena (advisor) ; Doležalová, Ivana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with an infringement concerning taxation in the Czech Republic. The main aim is to identify risks associated with the infringement, to estimate their quantification and to propose a solution for their reduction or complete restriction. The first part deals with European law in general and the risks resulting from its disobeying which is important for the practical part of thesis. The next part describes a process of the infringement and a method of determining sanctions. The last part is specifically focused on the Czech Republic, where two solved and three ongoing infringement cases are described. Estimated sanctions and suggested solutions for these cases are also described in this part.
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Competition policy in EU - Leniency Programme
Panáčková, Romana ; Němcová, Ingeborg (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the efficiency of the leniency programme. This programme is currently the most important cartel fighting instrument in EU and Czech Republic. The first section deals with cartel agreements and their impact in general. It also shows reasons for implementation of the leniency programme and other cartel fighting instruments. Second section concerns on general principles of leniency programme and its position within current system of law. The next two parts contains description and history of leniency program in EU and Czech Republic. They also analyze decisions of European Commission and Office for the Protection of Competition in Czech Republic. This analysis creates the most important part of this section. The last section aims at juridical institutes able to endanger efficient functiong of leniency programme in future and defines their relation to this programme.
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The EU financial framework 2007–2013
Straková, Eliška ; Karpová, Eva (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the budget of the European Union, concretely with the EU financial framework 2007-2013. The first chapter defines general concepts and characteristics connected with the EU budget issue. The second chapter focuses on the present financial framework. EU budget expenditures and revenues are described in detail, namely in terms of individual expenditure policies and sources of revenue. The EU priority objectives for this period are mentioned. The third chapter gradually goes over to problems of the present financial framework. Above all this chapter speaks about the budget reform that began in this period. The end of the bachelor thesis outlines the possible development of the EU budgetary policy in the following financial period.
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